In the apoplast pathway, water moves exclusively

#Question id: 1532

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

For a particular microarray assay (DNA chip), cDNA has been made from the mRNAs of a dozen patients' breast tumor biopsies. Which of the following types of evidence will researchers be looking for in order to determine if the cells are cancerous?

#Question id: 7250

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Following statements are regarding to signals that regulate axis extension in chick embryos.

A. In the stage 10 chick embryo, Fgf8 inhibits expression of the retinoic acid (RA) synthesizing enzyme Raldh2 in the presomitic mesoderm and the expression of the RA receptor RARβ in the neural ectoderm, thus preventing RA from triggering differentiation in the caudal-lateral epiblast cells and the caudal-most paraxial mesoderm.

B. Fgf8 inhibits Sonic hedgehog (Shh) expression in the neural tube floorplate, controlling the onset of ventral patterning genes.

C. FGF signaling is also required for expression of Delta1 in the medial portion of the caudal-lateral epiblast cells and promotes expression of Wnt8c.

D. Fgf8 decays in the caudal paraxial mesoderm, Wnt signaling, most likely provided by Wnt8c, now acts to promote Raldh2 in the adjacent paraxial mesoderm. RA produced by Raldh2 activity expresses Fgf8 and Wnt8c.

Which of the following statements are correct?

#Question id: 34176

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

#Question id: 19130

#Unit 12. Applied Biology

#Question id: 800

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Following table lists the two major forms of DNA duplexes, conformation of base attached to the sugar and the nature of major and minor grooves.