In the case of the French flag model. we assume a source of morphogen at one end and a sink at the other and that the concentrations of morphogen at both ends are kept constant but are different from each other. If the cells can respond to threshold concentrations of the morphogen, Thresholds can represent the

a. amount of morphogen that must bind to receptors to activate an intracellular signaling system. 

b. concentrations of transcription factors required to activate particular genes.

c. concentration at any point effectively provides positional information.

d. amount of morphogen that must bind to receptors to inactivate an extracellular signaling system.

#Question id: 404

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

When a mixture of 3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycerate is incubated at 25 °C with phosphoglycerate mutase until equilibrium is reached, the final mixture contains six times as much 2-phosphoglycerate as 3-phosphoglycerate.  Which one of the following statements is most nearly correct, when applied to the reaction as written?  (R = 8.315 J/mol·K; T = 298 K)  3-Phosphoglycerate -> 2-phosphoglycerate

#Question id: 405

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

When a mixture of glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate is incubated with the enzyme phosphohexose isomerase (which catalyzes the interconversion of these two compounds) until equilibrium is reached, the final mixture contains twice as much glucose 6-phosphate as fructose 6-phosphate.  Which one of the following statements is best applied to this reaction outlined below? (R = 8.315 J/mol·K; T = 298 K) Glucose 6-phosphate -> fructose 6-phosphate

#Question id: 406

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Hydrolysis of 1 M glucose 6-phosphate catalyzed by glucose 6-phosphatase is 99% complete at equilibrium (i.e., only 1% of the substrate remains). Which of the following statements is most nearly correct? (R = 8.315 J/mol·K; T = 298 K)

#Question id: 407

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

The reaction A + B -> C has a DG'° of –20 kJ/mol at 25° C.  Starting under standard conditions, one can predict that:

#Question id: 408

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Which of the following compounds has the largest negative value for the standard free-energy change (DG'°) upon hydrolysis?

#Question id: 409

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

For the following reaction,DG'° = +29.7 kJ/mol. L-Malate + NAD+ -> oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ The reaction as written: