Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (or PAMPs) are common foreign structures that characterize whole groups of pathogens. It is these unique antigenic structures that the immune system frequently recognizes first. Animals, both invertebrates and vertebrates, have evolved to express several types of cell surface and soluble proteins that quickly recognize many of these PAMPs; a form of pathogen profiling. For example, encapsulated bacteria possess a polysaccharide coat with a unique chemical structure that is not found on other bacterial or human cells. White blood cells naturally express a variety of receptors, collectively referred to as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), that specifically recognize these sugar residues, sugar residues is recognised by?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 9266

#Unit 9. Diversity of Life Forms

which similarly inclusive taxon is represented as descending from the same common ancestor as Canidae?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 9267

#Unit 9. Diversity of Life Forms

Three living species X, Y, and Z share a common ancestor T, as do extinct species U and V. A grouping that consists of species T, X, Y, and Z (but not U or V) makes up

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 9268

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The most active photosynthetic tissue in higher plants is the

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 9269

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

The distribution of electrons in the excited molecule is somewhat different from the distribution in the groundstate molecule, Absorption of blue light excites the chlorophyll to a higher energy state than absorption of red light because

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 9270

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

In the lowest excited state, the excited chlorophyll has four alternative pathways for disposing of its available energy which of the statement of alternative pathway would be INCORRECT?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 9271

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Chlorophylls a and b are abundant in green plants, and c and d are found in some protists and cyanobacteria. A number of different types of bacteriochlorophyll have been found; which type of chlorophyll is the most widely distributed, shows the distribution of pigments in different types of photosynthetic organisms;