Virus free plant production is produced by which culture technique?

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#Question id: 5208

#Unit 11. Evolution and Behavior

Fragments of DNA have been extracted from the remnants of extinct wooly mammoths, amplified, and sequenced. These can now be used to

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#Question id: 32308

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Why are many hydrolases synthesized and delivered as proenzymes in the cell?

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#Question id: 12655

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Which proteins or enzymes require act as a co-repressors along with the JAZ–COI1 complex and are instrumental in maintaining the chromatin in an inactive state?

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#Question id: 11989

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

If mayflies lay eggs on roads instead of in water, this behavior could involve which of the following? 

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#Question id: 13057

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

Precision will be reduced, but yield will be increased

Optimisation of a PCR reaction is often a compromise between the competing demands for precision, efficiency and yield. Although the specific effects may vary, generally, increasing the annealing temperature will increase non-specific primer binding and reduce precision. Increasing the length of the elongation phase will reduce the proportion of incomplete newly-synthesised strands and therefore increase yield. In this case, the potential effect on efficiency is unclear. Increasing the elongation phase would increase the reaction time, but the time taken to ramp down to a lower annealing temperature would be reduced.

How primer concentration leads to decrease in PCR efficiency?