Conversion of a proto-oncogene into an oncogene, also called activation, generally involves a gain-of-function mutation. Following statements are regarding to the mechanisms that produce oncogenes from the corresponding proto-oncogenes.

A. A change in a single base pair in a proto-oncogene that results in a hyperactive or constitutively active protein product.

B. A chromosomal translocation that fuses two genes together to produce a hybrid gene encoding a chimeric protein whose activity, unlike that of the parent proteins, is permanently suppress.

C. A chromosomal translocation that brings a growth regulatory gene under the control of alternative enhancers that cause inappropriate expression of the gene.

D. Amplification of a DNA segment including a proto-oncogene so that numerous copies exist, leading to overproduction of the encoded protein.

Which of the following statements are correct?

#Question id: 4220

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5′-AGT-3′. What would be the corresponding codon for the mRNA that is transcribed?

#Question id: 4221

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The genetic code is essentially the same for all organisms. From this, one can logically assume which of the following statements to be true?

#Question id: 4222

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Use the figure to answer the question. The figure shows a simple metabolic pathway. According to Beadle and Tatum's hypothesis, how many genes are necessary for this pathway?

#Question id: 4223

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Use the figure to answer the question. Refer to the metabolic pathway illustrated. If A, B, and C are all required for growth, a strain that is mutant for the gene-encoding enzyme A would be able to grow on medium supplemented with which of the following nutrient(s)?

#Question id: 4224

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Use the figure to answer the question Refer to the metabolic pathway illustrated. If A, B, and C are all required for growth, a strain mutant for the gene encoding enzyme B would be able to grow on medium supplemented with which of the following nutrient(s)?

#Question id: 4225

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The following question refers to table of codons. Which of the following sequences of nucleotides are possible in the template strand of DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence Phe-Leu-Ile-Val?