Consider a heritable autosomal disease with an incidence in the population of 1 per thousand. On average, individuals with the disease have 80% as many children as the population average. In answering the various parts of this question, assume that mating is random. Now assume that the mutation rate is zero, that the disease is recessive, and that the disease allele is maintained in the population by heterozygote advantage. Calculate the heterozygote advantage,

#Question id: 1398

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Which of the following properties is (are) characteristic of a benign tumor?

a. well differentiated              b. localized to tissue of origin             c. metastatic               

d. promotes angiogenesis        e. surrounded by a fibrous capsule

#Question id: 1399

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Loss-of-function mutations in which of the following genes typifies colorectal carcinomas?

a. myc              b. K-ras                       c. p53              d. APC

#Question id: 1400

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Which property is shared by malignant tumor cells and transformed cells in culture?

a. reduced growth factor requirement                        b. attachment-dependent growth

c. loss of actin microfilaments                                    d. altered morphology

#Question id: 1401

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Which of the following are proto-oncogenes?

a. fos               b. myc             c. p53              d. ras               e. Rb

#Question id: 1402

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Which of the following oncoproteins possess(es) protein kinase activity?

#Question id: 1403

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Tumor-suppressor genes encode proteins with which of the following functions?

a. growth-promoting               b. growth-arresting                  c. pro-apoptotic

d. anti-apoptotic                      e. DNA repair