1. Presence of oncogenes (iaaM, iaaH and ipt) in T-DNA,

2. Their large size makes the handling procedures during cloning tedious and cumbersome

3. A general lack of unique cloning sites within the T-DNA, which are needed for the insertion of DNA segments to be cloned.

These three problems have been resolved by deleting 

#Question id: 1255

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Following statements are regarding to the mechanism of action of cholera toxin.

A. cholera toxin is a homodimeric protein, target G proteins, interfering with normal signaling in host cells.

B. cholera toxin associates with a small G protein, known as ARF6.

C. association with ARF6 activates cholera toxin, which catalyzes the transfer of ADP-ribose from NAD+ to the critical Arg residue in the P loop of the alpha subunit of Gs.

D. ADP-ribosylation blocks the GEF activity of Gs and thereby renders Gs permanently inactive.

E. This results in continuous activation of the adenylyl cyclase of intestinal epithelial cells, chronically high cAMP, and active PKA dephosphorylates the CFTR Cl- channel and a sodium-proton exchanger in the intestinal epithelial cells.

Which of the following combination is correct?

#Question id: 20314

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

#Question id: 11212

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The activity of acetylcholine in a synapse is terminated by its ________.

#Question id: 24431

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

#Question id: 3689

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

DNA replication is bidirectional and anti-parallel. Which of the statement is FALSE regarding the DNA replication?