In some cells, there are many ion electrochemical gradients across the plasma membrane even though there are usually only one or two proton pumps present in the membrane. The gradients of the other ions are most likely accounted for by:

#Question id: 4280

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Translocation of proteins into mitochondria and chloroplasts is characterized by

#Question id: 4281

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Proteins targeted to non-matrix regions of mitochondria

a. contain a matrix-targeting signal if the destination is the outer membrane.

b. utilize a stop-transfer signal if the destination is the outer membrane.

c. always contain a matrix-targeting signal if the destination is the intermembrane space.

d. may require a chaperone for transport.

e. always move first to the matrix and then to their final destination.

#Question id: 4282

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Which of the following protein(s) is (are) found in the peroxisome matrix?

#Question id: 4283

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Proteins can enter which organelle(s) in their folded conformation?

#Question id: 4284

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Assays for following the trafficking of proteins through the secretory pathway in living cells require

a. sensitive methods to distinguish the very small differences in organelle density caused by passage of a wave of protein transport through the organelle.

b. a way to identify compartments where labeled proteins are located.

c. the use of cell types that are highly dedicated secretory cells.

d. the use of enucleate cells in order to eliminate the nucleus as a site of labeling.

e. a way to label a cohort of secretory proteins

#Question id: 4285

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

VSV G protein has been a very useful tracker protein for both living cell and in vitro assays because