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TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 2548

The cell walls of bacteria, fungi, and plant cells, and the extracellular matrix of animal cells are all external to the plasma membrane. Which of the following characteristics are common to all of these extracellular structures?

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

  1. They must block water and small molecules to regulate the exchange of matter and energy with their environment.

  2. They must provide a rigid structure that maintains an appropriate ratio of cell surface area to volume. 

  3. They are constructed of materials that are synthesized in the cytoplasm and then transported out of the cell for assembly.

  4. They are composed of a mixture of lipids and nucleotides.

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TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 7164

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

If an amphibian zygote is manipulated so that the first cleavage plane fails to divide the gray crescent, then ________.
TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 7165

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Embryonic induction, the influence of one group of cells on another group of cells, plays a critical role in embryonic development. In 1924, Hans Spemann and Hilde Mangold transplanted a piece of tissue that influences the formation of the notochord and neural tube, from the dorsal lip of an amphibian embryo to the ventral side of another amphibian embryo. If embryonic induction occurred, which of the following observations justifies the claim of embryonic induction?
TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 7166

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Just prior to the onset of gastrulation in an embryo, the "organizer" cells are specified. If you were to experimentally block the specification of these cells, what would you expect the result to be in the developing embryo?
TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 7167

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

The following experiment is designed to study the role of several hormones in the regulation of metamorphosis in frogs.

Group #

Treatment

Days to Metamorphosis

1

Saline

30

2

Prolactin

> 100

3

TSH

15

4

Thyroxine

10

5

Corticosterone

30

6

Thyroxine + Corticosterone

5

7

Prolactin + TSH

30

8

Thyroid gland removed

> 100

These results suggest which of the following about prolactin (group 2 and group 7) at the dose tested?
TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 7168

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Which one of the following signaling pathways will best support the mediolateral intercalation in the formation of the primitive streak in chick?
TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 7169

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Before oogenesis begins, the oogonium divides four times with incomplete cytokinesis, giving rise to 16 interconnected cells in drosophila. These 16 germline cells, along with a surrounding epithelial layer of somatic follicle cells, constitute the egg chamber in which the oocyte will develop. These germline cells include: