Genome size (the length of DNA associated with one haploid complement of chromosomes) varies substantially between different organisms. Because more genes are required to direct the formation of more complex organisms, it is not surprising that genome size is roughly correlated with an organism’s apparent complexity. Which of the following statements is/are correct in reference to this rough correlation?

I. Many organisms of apparently similar complexities have very different genome sizes.

II. The number of genes, rather than genome size, is more closely related to organism complexity.

III. There is a roughly inverse correlation between organism complexity and gene density—the less complex the organism, the higher the gene density.

IV. Gene density in eukaryotic organisms is consistently higher and more variable than in their prokaryotic counterparts.

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#Question id: 15362

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Aflatoxin a fungal metabolite found in moldy grains, induces

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#Question id: 15363

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is thought to play a crucial role during the process of metastasis in some cancers, Snail and Twist are the two transcription factors, function as EXCEPT

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#Question id: 15364

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

In normal cells, FOS and MYC mRNAs and the proteins they encode are intrinsically unstable and degrade rapidly after the genes are transcribed, Conversion of the MYC proto-oncogene into an oncogene can occur by different mechanisms, Other members of this protein set include MAD, MAX, and MNT, choose incorrect statement regarding this,

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#Question id: 15365

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

The MDM2 protein in its active form can form a complex with p53, inhibiting the transcription factor and causing p53 ubiquitinylation and subsequent proteasomal degradation, ATM phosphorylates MDM2 to inactivate it, causing increased stabilization of p53, but there is one another gene or key regulator which controls the level of MDM2;

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#Question id: 15366

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

For pro-proliferation signaling pathways to cause uncontrolled proliferation, as is seen in cancer, this p53 up-regulation must not occur, It is therefore not surprising that p53 is inactive in most human tumors through loss of p53 function itself, down-regulation of positive regulators (PR) of p53 or up-regulation of negative regulators (NR) of p53, these regulators are accordingly

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#Question id: 15367

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Genes whose protein products stimulate apoptosis behave as tumor suppressors, An example is the PTEN gene, The phosphatase encoded by this gene dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, a secondary messenger that functions in activation of AKT, cells lacking PTEN phosphatase shows; EXCEPT