which of the following best describes the complete sequence of steps occurring during every cycle of PCR?

1. The primers hybridize to the target DNA.

2. The mixture is heated to a high temperature to denature the double stranded target DNA.

3. Fresh DNA polymerase is added.

4. DNA polymerase extends the primers to make a copy of the target DNA.

#Question id: 1400

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Which property is shared by malignant tumor cells and transformed cells in culture?

a. reduced growth factor requirement                        b. attachment-dependent growth

c. loss of actin microfilaments                                    d. altered morphology

#Question id: 1401

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Which of the following are proto-oncogenes?

a. fos               b. myc             c. p53              d. ras               e. Rb

#Question id: 1402

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Which of the following oncoproteins possess(es) protein kinase activity?

#Question id: 1403

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Tumor-suppressor genes encode proteins with which of the following functions?

a. growth-promoting               b. growth-arresting                  c. pro-apoptotic

d. anti-apoptotic                      e. DNA repair

#Question id: 1404

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Which of the following are transcription factors?

#Question id: 1405

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

A gain-of-function mutation in which of the following would have the same effect as a gain-of-function mutation in Ras?