Which polymerases are template-dependent, they incorporate nucleotides in a manner that is independent of base pairing

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#Question id: 12718

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

primary disruptions could be signaling the plant that a change in environmental conditions has occurred and that it’s time to respond by altering existing pathways or by activating stress-response pathways. At least five different types of stress-sensing mechanisms can be distinguished:

COLUMN I	COLUMN II
A) Physical sensing	i) usually results from the detection of by-products that accumulate in cells due to the uncoupling of enzymatic or electron transfer reactions, such as the accumulation of ROS during stress caused by too much light.
B) Biophysical sensing	ii) often involves the presence of specialized proteins that have evolved to sense a particular stress; for example, calcium channels that can sense changes in temperature and alter Ca2+ homeostasis.
C) Metabolic sensing	iii) refers to modifications of DNA or RNA structure that do not alter genetic sequences, such as the changes in chromatin that occur during temperature stress.
D) Biochemical sensing	iv) refers to the mechanical effects of stress on the plant or cell structure, for example, the contraction of the plasma membrane from the cell wall during drought stress.
E) Epigenetic sensing	v) might involve changes in protein structure or enzymatic activity, such as the inhibition of different enzymes during heat stress.

 

  

Match the correct sequence sensing mechanism during in stress;

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12719

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Which of the following is a key enzyme in the proline biosynthetic pathway?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12720

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Several genes coding for enzymes associated with osmotic adjustment are turned on (up-regulated) by osmotic stress and/or salinity, and cold stress. These genes encode enzymes such as the following;

I) ∆′1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase, a key enzyme in the proline biosynthetic pathway

II) myo-Inositol 6-O-methyltransferase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the accumulation of the cyclic sugar alcohol called pinitol

III) Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in glycine betaine accumulation

Given following statements of gene encoding enzyme is correct?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12721

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

There are the five groups of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins found in plants

Match the following groups of LEA protein with its functional information;

Group (family name)	Functional information
I) Group 1    (D-19 family)	a) It is an abundant protein in cotton embryos, Each putative dimer of this group may bind as many as ten inorganic phosphates and their counterions
II) Group 2     (D-11 family)	b) Possibly functions in ion sequestration to protect cytosolic metabolism When LE25 is expressed in yeast, it confers salt and freezing tolerance
III) Group 3      (D-7 family)	c) In tomato, a gene encoding a similar protein is expressed in response to nematode feeding
IV) Group 4     (D-95 family)	d) Contains more water of hydration than typical globular proteins Overexpression confers water deficit tolerance on yeast cells
V) Group 5     (D-113 family)	e) Often localized to the cytoplasm or nucleus More acidic members of the family are associated with the plasma membrane May act to stabilize macromolecules at low water potential

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12722

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

Eleven amino-acid consensus sequence motif TAQAAKEKAXE is repeated in the protein,  is the structural characteristics of which type of group of LEA protein?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12723

#Unit 6. System Physiology – Plant

GroEL, GroES is an example of the  prokaryotic cell, this HSP protein is belong to the which of the following HSP class?