To avoid being degraded by nuclear exonucleases, nascent transcripts, pre-mRNA-processing intermediates, and mature mRNAs in the nucleus must have their ends protected. Which of the following mechanism are present in the cell to protect mRNA from degradation?

I. The 5′ cap is protected because it is bound by a heterodimeric nuclear cap-binding complex (CBC), which protects it from 5′ exonucleases and also functions in export of the mRNA to the cytoplasm.

II. 5’-5’ phosphodiester bond in the cap of mRNA plays crucial role in protection

III. The 3′ end of a nascent transcript lies within the RNA polymerase and is thus inaccessible to exonucleases 

#Question id: 7178

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

In sea urchin, the large micromeres are autonomously specified. They inherit maternal determinants that were deposited at the vegetal hemisphere of the egg; these become incorporated into the large micromeres at fourth cleavage. When an isolated animal hemisphere is combined with isolated micromeres, then what will be the result?

#Question id: 7179

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Blocking BMP(BMP2, BMP4, BMP7) signaling by infecting progress zone cells with retroviruses carrying dominant negative BMP receptors. Which of the following results are found?

#Question id: 7180

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Development of tetrapod limb has to function in a three dimensional coordinated system:

Proximal-distal axis by ____a_____

Anterior-posterior axis by ___b_____

Dorsal-ventral axis by ______c____

Which of the following combinations are correct?

#Question id: 7181

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Following graph represents Inhibition of L1-mediated cell adhesion by alcohol.

If L1 is mutate, which of the following graph is correct?

#Question id: 7182

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Suppose a flower had normal expression of genes A and C and expression of gene B in all four whorls. Based on the ABC hypothesis, what would be the structure of that flower, starting at the outermost whorl?

#Question id: 7183

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Following graphs (A and B) represents establishment of a maternal gradient in Hunchback protein.

which of the following statements are correct according to graphs?