Three defined steps in a transcription cycle; choose correct one

1a. Closed complex	In this form, the DNA remains double-stranded, and the enzyme is bound to one face of the helix. I
1b. Open complex	In which the DNA strands separate over a distance of 13 bp around the start site to form the transcription bubble. In the next stage of initiation,
2. Promoter escape	Incorporation of the first 10 or so ribonucleotides is a rather inefficient process, and at that stage, the enzyme often releases short transcripts and then begins synthesis again
3. Initial transcribing complex.	Once an enzyme makes a transcript longer than 10 nucleotides, it is said to have

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#Question id: 1123

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Epinephrine can be what kind of signaling molecule?

a. autocrine      b. direct contact  c. endocrine d. paracrine

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#Question id: 28503

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Hox12 and Hox13 paralogues gene specify which bones of tetrapod limb ?

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#Question id: 2499

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

Capture of microtubule (+) ends by chromosomes occurs during:

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#Question id: 32920

#Unit 2. Cellular Organization

If extracellular conditions become favorable or signals to grow and divide are introduced, cells in G0 progress through a commitment point in:

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#Question id: 337

#Unit 1. Molecules and their Interaction Relevant to Biology

Which statement below is true about the relative lifetime of a hydrogen bond, compared to the rate of water’s ionization to hydroxide ions and hydronium ions?