The sequence of σ54 is distinctly different from that of all the σ70-like factors, some characteristics about σ54 is given below;

a) The σ54-RNA polymerase binds to the glnA promoter and immediately melt the DNA strands and initiate transcription

b) σ54-polymerase does not require ATP hydrolysis to separate the strands at a start site only require activator such as   NtrC

c) σ54-RNA polymerase initiate transcription of glnA promoter only when it is activated by NtrC

d) ATP hydrolysis is required for activation of bound σ54-RNA polymerase by phosphorylated NtrC

Which of the following from the bove combination is INCORRECT?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 4469

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Termination is a normal and important function at the ends of genes. There, sequences called terminators trigger the elongating polymerase to dissociate from the DNA and release the RNA chain it has made, In bacteria, terminators come in two types: Rho-dependent and Rho-independent, choose correct statements about this;

Rho-dependent	a- rut sites
	b- has an ATPase activity
Rho-independent	c- terminates only those transcripts still being transcribed beyond the end of a gene or operon
	d- intrinsic terminator

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 4470

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Most recent experiments suggest that the last of these is at least an important part of the story and that the conformational change causes the elongating complex to stall, with dissociation following more slowly- this conformational change caused by,

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 4471

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Intrinsic terminators,

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 4472

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

The hairpin works as an efficient terminator only when,

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 4475

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Choose correct order of various DNA elements relative to the transcription start site;

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 4476

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Regulatory elements include promoter proximal elements, upstream activator sequences (UASs), enhancers, and a series of other element