A female fly, full of fertilized eggs, is swept by high winds to an island far out to sea. She is the first fly to arrive on this island, and the only fly to arrive in this way. Thousands of years later, her numerous offspring occupy the island, but none of them resembles her. There are, instead, several species each of which eats only a certain type of food. None of the species can fly, for their flight wings are absent, and their balancing organs (i.e., halteres) are now used in courtship displays. The male members of each species bear modified halteres that are unique in appearance to their species. Females bear vestigial halteres. The ranges of all of the daughter species overlap.In each fly species, the entire body segment that gave rise to the original flight wings is missing. The mutation(s) that led to the flightless condition could have

#Question id: 10648

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Which statements about K are correct?

I) K varies among populations.

II) K varies in space.

III) K varies in time.

IV) K is constant for any given species.

#Question id: 10649

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

According to the logistic growth equation

A) the number of individuals added per unit time is greatest when N is one fourth of K

B) the per capita growth rate (r) increases as N approaches K

C) population growth is zero when N equals K

D) the population grows exponentially when N approaches K

#Question id: 10650

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Following some characteristic feature of K selected species

A. semelparity 

B. Mate choice

C. Density independent mortality

D. large size of offspring

What is the above combination is correct?

#Question id: 10651

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Which of the following value of A, B and C in above logistic growth of hypothetical population respectively?

#Question id: 10652

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Which factors (limited space or overcrowding; limited food; Predators; parasite and diseased) tend to act in a density-dependent manner; Tony Sinclair (1989) many studies of density dependence in 51 populations of insects, 82 populations of large mammals, and 36 populations of small mammals and birds. Which of the following observation is most likely true?

a) Insects showed a wide variety of causes of density dependence and no one density-dependent factor was of overriding importance

b) The lesser the amount of available food, the greater the mortality of large mammals

c) Space and social interactions were more important for smaller mammals and birds, because they are more territorial

#Question id: 10653

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

All offspring are produced in a single reproductive event, we term this pattern semelparity. Which of the following is characteristics feature for semelparity individuals?

a) Semelparity is common in insects and other invertebrates

b) Semelparous organisms may live for many years before reproducing

c) semelparity occur only in plant

d) In semelparity, exploitation competition is more common than interference competition