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#Question id: 31381


Patch clamping can be used to measure the conductance properties of individual ion channels. How can patch clamping be used to determine whether the gene coding for a putative K⁺ channel actually codes for a K⁺ or a Na⁺ channel?

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology
  1. By measuring the ion selectivity of the channel using solutions containing only K⁺ or Na⁺ 
  2. By observing the shape of the channel under a microscope
  3. By measuring the ATP consumption of the cell expressing the channel
  4. By staining the channel with a fluorescent dye specific for K⁺ channels
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#Question id: 3533

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

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TLS Online TPP Program

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#Question id: 7250

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Following statements are regarding to signals that regulate axis extension in chick embryos.

A. In the stage 10 chick embryo, Fgf8 inhibits expression of the retinoic acid (RA) synthesizing enzyme Raldh2 in the presomitic mesoderm and the expression of the RA receptor RARβ in the neural ectoderm, thus preventing RA from triggering differentiation in the caudal-lateral epiblast cells and the caudal-most paraxial mesoderm.

B. Fgf8 inhibits Sonic hedgehog (Shh) expression in the neural tube floorplate, controlling the onset of ventral patterning genes.

C. FGF signaling is also required for expression of Delta1 in the medial portion of the caudal-lateral epiblast cells and promotes expression of Wnt8c.

D. Fgf8 decays in the caudal paraxial mesoderm, Wnt signaling, most likely provided by Wnt8c, now acts to promote Raldh2 in the adjacent paraxial mesoderm. RA produced by Raldh2 activity expresses Fgf8 and Wnt8c.

Which of the following statements are correct?

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#Question id: 14853

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

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#Question id: 4069

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Which of the following can be identified using a series of promoter linker scanning mutations?

a. areas of the promoter that are non-essential

b. areas of the promoter that are essential

c. the presence of separate transcriptional control regions

d. spacing constraints on separate transcriptional control regions