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TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 7122

Contrast involution, epiboly, and convergent extension.

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology
  1. Involution is the movement of cells toward an axis to extend that axis, epiboly is a flattening and spreading of epithelial cells to increase the amount of surface they cover, and convergent extension is the movement of cells inside the embryo as a coherent sheet.
  2. Involution is the movement of cells inside the embryo as a coherent sheet, epiboly is a flattening and spreading of epithelial cells to increase the amount of surface they cover, and convergent extension is movement of cells toward an axis to extend that axis.
  3. Involution is a flattening of epithelial cells to increase the amount of surface they cover, epiboly is the movement of cells inside the embryo as a coherent sheet, and convergent extension is movement of cells toward an axis to extend that axis.
  4. Involution is the movement of cells inside the embryo as a coherent sheet, epiboly is movement of cells toward an axis to extend that axis, and convergent extension is a flattening and spreading of epithelial cells to increase the amount of surface they cove.
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TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 7113

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

In flies, frogs, and chicks, gradients of morphogens determine the future antero-posterior and dorso-ventral axes of the developing embryo. How is the antero-posterior axis determined in C. elegans?
TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 7114

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

What are the lin-4 and lin-14 genes of C. elegans?
TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 7115

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

The ability of the sea urchin embryo to regulate its development illustrates the fact that there are maternally-determined differences along the animal-vegetal axis that are necessary for normal development. Which of the following statements about regulation in sea urchin embryos is consistent with that fact?
TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 7116

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Which one statement best describes gastrulation in sea urchins?

a) Gastrulation is initiated by invagination of the micromeres at the vegetal pole.

b) The mouth of the pluteus larva will form from mesomeres on the oral side of the 60-cell embryo.

c) The gut will form from the macromeres at the 16-cell stage.

d) Mesenchymal cells originating at the vegetal pole will invaginate first during gastrulation and will form skeletal structures in the pluteus larva.

Which of the following combination is correct?
TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 7117

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

Which of the following statements explains why gain-of-function mutation of Pmar1 results in a vegetalized embryo:
TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 7118

#Unit 5. Developmental Biology

At the molecular and cellular level, how does morphogenesis differ from establishment of embryonic axes and the specification of cellular identity?