Given below are some of the statements regarding toll signalling pathway in drosophila.

A. Dorsal protein is a transcription factor with homology to the Rel/nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) family of vertebrate transcription factors, which are involved in regulation of gene expression in vertebrate immune responses.

B. Toll signalling pathway is also used in the adult fly in defense against infection.

C. In the Drosophila embryonic Toll pathway Dorsal is held inactive in the nucleus by the protein Cactus.

D. The ligand for Toll is a fragment of the protein Easter, which is generated in the ventral vitelline space by the protease Spatzle.

E. When Toll is activated by binding the Spätzle fragment, its cytoplasmic domain binds a complex of the adaptor proteins dMyD88 and Tube. Tube interacts with, and activates, the protein kinase Pelle.

F. Activation of Pelle leads to the dephosphorylation of Cactus. This releases Dorsal, which is then free to enter a nucleus.

Choose the most appropriate combination of correct statements:

#Question id: 9238

#Unit 9. Diversity of Life Forms

Which of the following is a consequence of biological magnification?

#Question id: 9239

#Unit 9. Diversity of Life Forms

Why are changes in the global carbon cycle important?

#Question id: 9240

#Unit 9. Diversity of Life Forms

Use the following figure to answer the question.

Looking at the figure, what can you conclude about the data?

#Question id: 9241

#Unit 9. Diversity of Life Forms

The main goal of sustainable development is to ________.

#Question id: 9242

#Unit 9. Diversity of Life Forms

Eutrophication is often caused by excess limiting-nutrient runoff from agricultural fields into aquatic ecosystems. This process results in massive algal blooms that eventually die and decompose, ultimately depleting the dissolved oxygen, killing large numbers of fish and other aquatic organisms. Predict which of the following human actions would best address the problem of eutrophication near agricultural areas?

#Question id: 9243

#Unit 9. Diversity of Life Forms

Elevated carbon dioxide levels have been shown to contribute to the greenhouse effect, resulting in an increase in mean global temperature. Ecosystems where the largest warming has already occurred include snow-covered northern coniferous forests, tundra, and arctic sea ice habitats. Which statement best explains how the elimination of ice-covered ecosystems affects the rise or fall in global temperature?