The cells of  posterior marginal zone act as the equivalent of the amphibian Nieuwkoop center because:

A. once the PMZ has formed, it controls the other regions of the margin.

B. Cells of PMZ initiate other regions of the margin from forming their own primitive streaks.

C. the entire marginal zone produces Wnt8c (capable of inducing the accumulation of -catenin) and secrete Vg1, a member of the TGF-family.

D. The PMZ cells secretes nodal protein and Nodal activity is needed to initiate the primitive streak.

E. When placed in the anterior region of the marginal zone, a graft of PMZ tissue (posterior to and including Koller’s sickle) is able to induce wnt signaling.

Which of the following option is correct?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 16130

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

You are studying regulation of the yeast enzyme glutamine synthetase (GS), which is encoded by the GLN1 gene. You have isolated two mutants, designated gln2– and gln3–, that give decreased GS activity. Mating of either gln2– or gln3– haploids to wild type produces heterozygous diploids that show normal amounts of GS expression. When you cross either a gln2– or gln3– haploid to a gln1– strain the resulting diploids show normal expression of GS.              

How many units of ß-galactiosidase would you expect to be expressed from deletion 1 in a gln2– mutant? 

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 16131

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

You are studying regulation of the yeast enzyme glutamine synthetase (GS), which is encoded by the GLN1 gene. You have isolated two mutants, designated gln2– and gln3–, that give decreased GS activity. Mating of either gln2– or gln3– haploids to wild type produces heterozygous diploids that show normal amounts of GS expression. When you cross either a gln2– or gln3– haploid to a gln1– strain the resulting diploids show normal expression of GS.              

 How many units of ß-galactiosidase would you expect to be expressed from deletion 4 in a gln2– mutant?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 16132

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

You are running a human assisted reproduction clinic and providing state-of-the-art genetic diagnostic services. A married couple who already had a child with cystic fibrosis approach you because they wish to have another child, but only if they can be assured that the child will not have cystic fibrosis. You genotype the woman and discover that she is a heterozygote for Del508, the most common mutation causing cystic fibrosis. You suggest that the couple consider first polar body testing, in which several unfertilized oocytes (each with its first polar body) are retrieved from the woman, the first polar bodies are removed, and PCR tests are conducted on DNA from each of the first polar bodies. The couple agrees, and you obtain the following results:

 

the observation that the polar bodies for oocytes #1 and #5 test positive for both Del508 and the wild type sequence, because

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 16133

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

You are running a human assisted reproduction clinic and providing state-of-the-art genetic diagnostic services. A married couple who already had a child with cystic fibrosis approach you because they wish to have another child, but only if they can be assured that the child will not have cystic fibrosis. You genotype the woman and discover that she is a heterozygote for Del508, the most common mutation causing cystic fibrosis. You suggest that the couple consider first polar body testing, in which several unfertilized oocytes (each with its first polar body) are retrieved from the woman, the first polar bodies are removed, and PCR tests are conducted on DNA from each of the first polar bodies. The couple agrees, and you obtain the following results:

 

Given the couple's desire to have a child without cystic fibrosis, which oocytes would you employ in vitro fertilization?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 16134

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

You obtain 6 BACs (of known order, as shown below) and 7 STSs (of unknown order) that derive from a region of mouse chromosome 16 whose genomic sequence has not yet been finished.   

 

By PCR (using 20-bp primers at either end of each STS), you test each of the 6 BACs for the presence (+) or absence (-) of each of the 7 STSs. You obtain the following results:

 

You determine the DNA sequences of PCR products obtained at STS5 using BACs B, C, D, E, and F as PCR templates. The DNA sequences of PCR products obtained using BACs B and C are identical, but they differ by several nucleotide substitutions from the DNA sequences of PCR products obtained using BACs E and F. Oddly, PCR product obtained using BAC D appears to be a mixture of two sequences – one corresponding to the BAC B/ BAC C sequence and the other corresponding to the BAC E/ BAC F sequence. Briefly account for these findings, and explain how a single PCR assay could amplify two different sequences.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 16135

#Unit 13. Methods in Biology

You obtain 6 BACs (of known order, as shown below) and 7 STSs (of unknown order) that derive from a region of mouse chromosome 16 whose genomic sequence has not yet been finished.   

 

By PCR (using 20-bp primers at either end of each STS), you test each of the 6 BACs for the presence (+) or absence (-) of each of the 7 STSs. You obtain the following results:

 

Would you expect the DNA sequence of PCR product obtained at STS5 using mouse genomic DNA as template to more closely resemble that obtained using BAC B, BAC D, or BAC F? Briefly explain your answer.