In light reaction, the funneling of excitation from the antenna system toward the reaction centre has been shown,

a.) The excited-state energy of pigments increases with distance from the reaction centre; that is, pigments closer to the reaction centre are lower in energy than those farther from the reaction centre

b.) The energy gradient ensures that excitation transfer toward the reaction centre is energetically favorable and that excitation transfer back out to the peripheral portions of the antenna is energetically unfavourable

c.) Some energy is lost as heat to the environment by this process, but under optimal conditions almost all the excitation energy absorbed in the antenna complexes can be delivered to the reaction centre

d.) The excited-state energy of  pigments decreases with distance from the reaction centre

Which of the following above combination is true?

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#Question id: 12004

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

The figure above shows the distribution of 10 plant species that grow along a regular environmental gradient, such as depth of the water table in a river valley. All other environmental factors are similar. This figure demonstrates that

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#Question id: 12005

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Acid  rain  damage  depends  on  the  buffering  capacity  of  the  soils  in  a  given  region.  Damage  has  been  greatest where the soil layer is

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#Question id: 12006

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Nitrogen is a major environmental pollutant of groundwater in many parts of the world. What is the major cause of this nitrogen accumulation in groundwater?

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#Question id: 12007

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Sewall  Wright's  metaphor  of  evolution  on  an  adaptive  landscape describes a  population  as  occupying  a  field  of genotypes  graded  by  contours  delimiting  gene  combinations  of  equal  fitness.  The  evolutionary  mechanism  most likely to move a population consistently "uphill"  toward adaptive peaks on this landscape is

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#Question id: 12008

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

When exposed to a cold environment for several weeks, many small mammals dramatically increase their capacity for heat production primarily by means of

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#Question id: 12009

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Charles Darwin discussed all of the following EXCEPT: