C₄ cycle has been associated with a particular leaf structure, called Kranz anatomy, typical Kranz anatomy exhibits an inner ring of bundle sheath cells around vascular tissues and an outer layer of mesophyll cells. This particular leaf anatomy generates a diffusion barrier that is

 a.) separates the uptake of atmospheric carbon in mesophyll cells from CO2 assimilation by rubisco in bundle sheath cells

 b.) limits the leakage of CO2 from bundle sheath to mesophyll cells

 c.) diffusion gradients—not only between but also within the cells—guide the shuttling of metabolites between the two compartments that operate the C4 cycle

 d.)  Bundle sheath cells surround the vascular tissue, while an outer ring of mesophyll cells is peripheral to the bundle sheath and adjacent to intercellular spaces and the percolates metabolites are transfer to the whole plant cell by vascular tissue

 Find out the correct statements of Krantz anatomy

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 28917

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Find out the correct match of Vertebrates hedgehog gene with their characteristics;

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 28918

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Which of the following statements is correct about Sonic hedgehog?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 28919

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Given some statements about Hedgehog processing and secretion;

a) autoproteolytic activity that cleaves off the C-terminus to reveal a signal sequence that marks the protein for secretion 

b) autoproteolytic activity that cleaves off the N-terminus to reveal a signal sequence that marks the protein for secretion 

c) Secretion requires the addition of cholesterol and palmitic acid

d) Secretion requires the  modification of Hh by Glycosylation

Which of the following is correct prediction about processing and secretion of Hh?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 28920

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Which of the following is a correct prediction about processing and secretion of Hedgehog protein ?

a) the freed N-terminal is not involved in signaling and is often degraded

b) the freed C-terminal is not involved in signaling and is often degraded

c) the N-terminal becomes the active Hedgehog protein intended for secretion

d) the C-terminal becomes the active Hedgehog protein intended for secretion

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 28921

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Which of the following modification is required for the Secretion of Hh protein?

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 28922

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Hedgehog binding receptor is called___