A proposed pathway for the action of E.coli chaperonins  are groEL and groES.groEL exist in trans and cis structure transferring with its bound ATP now become the cis ring once the groES  bound to it ATP hydrolysis takes place and improperly folded protein get properly folded, total number of  ATP molecules are required to per folding cycle;

#Question id: 4512

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Some pre-mRNAs can be spliced in more than one way. Thus, mRNAs containing different selections of exons can be generated from a given pre-mRNA, called

#Question id: 4513

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Different snRNPs recognize the same (or overlapping) sequences in the pre-mRNA at different stages of the splicing reaction, which two snRNPs recognizing the 5’ splice site

#Question id: 4514

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

What is true about coactivators,

A. The coactivators act directly by binding to the DNA

B. The coactivators act indirectly—not by binding to the DNA

C. Are required for essential communication between the activators and the complex composed of Pol II.

D. Are required for essential communication between the and the basal (or general) transcription factors.

#Question id: 4515

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Transcription Activators are,

A. Known to facilitate transcription at hundreds of promoters,

B. Specific for a few promoters,

C. Sensitive to the binding of signal molecules,

D. Providing the capacity to activate or deactivate transcription in response to a changing cellular environment.

#Question id: 4516

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

High mobility group (HMG) proteins

A. are a common type of architectural regulator

B. facilitating the looping of the DNA

C. the binding is relatively very specific

D. are abundant in chromatin and bind to DNA with limited specificity.

#Question id: 4517

#Unit 3. Fundamental Processes

Statement: When phosphorylated, CREB binds to CREs near certain genes and acts as a transcription factor, turning on the expression of these genes.

Explanation: I-Regulation can result from phosphorylation of Nuclear transcription factor

II- Activation of a protein kinase in the nucleus that phosphorylates specific DNA-binding proteins and thereby alters their ability to act as transcription factors.