A 45-year-old man presents with abdominal pain and hematemesis. An abdominal exam was relatively benign, and abdominal x-rays were suggestive of a perforated viscus. Endoscopy revealed a chronically perforated gastric ulcer, through which the liver was visible. Which of the following is a forerunner to gastric ulcer formation?

#Question id: 1131

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Which of the following function(s) as an inhibitor of TGFβ signal transduction?

a. R-Smad       b. I-Smad        c. Co-Smad     d. Ski   e. SnoN

#Question id: 1132

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Which of the following become(s) active as a kinase when an activation lip residue is phosphorylated?

a. EpoR                       b. JAK             c. STAT           d. Ras              e. MAPK

#Question id: 1133

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

What tertiary structure characterizes all cytokines?

#Question id: 1134

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Arrange the following proteins in the proper order in which they become activated in the MAPK signaling pathway:

a. MAP kinase                         b. MEK           c. Ras              d. Raf              e. RTK            

#Question id: 1135

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Which of the following is a direct substrate of MAP kinase?

a. TCF             b. SRF             c. SRE             d. p90RSK      e. CREB

#Question id: 1136

#Unit 4. Cell Communication and Cell Signaling

Which of the following signaling pathways can be activated by activation of receptor tyrosine kinases?

a. phospholipase Cγ                b. PI-3 kinase

c. MAP kinase                         d. none of the above