The herbaceous plant Achillea lanulosa is widespread in the Northern Hemisphere. Phenotypic variation in the species has been extensively studied along an altitudinal gradient from sea level to over 3,000 meters. In California there is conspicuous variation in  height; alpine plants are only several centimeters tall  while  those in  the San Joaquin Valley may reach a height of 1.8 meters. Adaptation to different local environments also results in variation in physiological processes such as photosynthetic rate, resistance to cold, and the timing of dormancy.

Which of the following methods would be best to determine whether the phenotypic variation in Achillea lanulosa is due to genotypic variation?

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#Question id: 12559

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Which part of the renal tubule would have the lowest tubular fluid osmolarity in a patient who has complete lack of antidiuretic hormone due to “central” diabetes insipidus?

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#Question id: 12560

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

If GFR suddenly decreases from 150 ml/min to 75 ml/min and tubular fluid reabsorption simultaneously decreases from 149 ml/min to 75 ml/min, which of the following changes will occur (assuming that the changes in GFR and tubular fluid reabsorption are maintained)?

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#Question id: 12561

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

Given the following measurements, calculate the filtration fraction: glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure = 50 mm Hg; Bowman’s space hydrostatic pressure = 15 mm Hg; colloid osmotic

pressure in the glomerular capillaries = 30 mm Hg; glomerular capillary filtration coefficient (Kf) = 12 ml/min/mm Hg; and renal plasma flow = 400 ml/min.

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#Question id: 12658

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

In a person on a high (200 mmol/day) potassium diet, which part of the nephron would be expected to secrete the most potassium?

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#Question id: 12659

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

 Which of the following would tend to decrease plasma potassium concentration by causing a shift of potassium from the extracellular fluid into the cells?

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#Question id: 12697

#Unit 7. System Physiology – Animal

The following test results were obtained: urine flow rate = 2.0 ml/min; urine inulin concentration = 60 mg/ml; plasma inulin concentration = 2 mg/ml; urine potassium concentration = 20 μmol/ml; plasma potassium concentration = 4.0 μmol/ml; urine osmolarity = 150 mOsm/L; and plasma osmolarity = 300 mOsm/L. What is the approximate GFR?