In this pedigree I 1 and II 2 have Becker muscular dystrophy which shows X-linked recessive inheritance. III 2 has oculocutaneous albinism which shows autosomal recessive inheritance with an incidence in the general population of 1 in 10 000. The disease status for both Becker muscular dystrophy and oculocutaneous albinism is unknown for IV 1 and IV 2.

What is the probability that IV 1 is a carrier of oculocutaneous albinism? 

#Question id: 11281

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Owls eat rats, mice, shrews, and small birds. Assume that, over a period of time, an owl consumes 5,000 J of animal material. The owl loses 2,300 J in feces and owl pellets and uses 2,500 J for cellular respiration. What is the production efficiency of this owl?

#Question id: 11282

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Which of the following ecosystems would likely have the largest net primary productivity per hectare and why?

#Question id: 11283

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Herbivore ingests plant material with 1000 k j energy form producer and assimilated only 200 k J energy in their blood stream; additionally herbivore invests 120 k j energy in their maintenance. What is production efficiency of that herbivore?

#Question id: 11284

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Which of the following could qualify as a top-down control on a grassland community?

#Question id: 11285

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Terrestrial herbivores are animals that eat only plants and their digestive systems contain microbes that aid in the digestion of cellulose, Carnivores eat primarily animal flesh or fluids. Which of the following is correct is correct statement?

#Question id: 11286

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Consumption, assimilation, and production efficiencies are measures of ecological efficiency. Following some statements are correct?

(A) Consumption efficiencies for carnivores are typically higher than those of herbivores

(B) Assimilation efficiencies of herbivore are often less than consumption efficiencies

(C) Vertebrates tend to have lower production efficiencies than invertebrates