Physiological and biochemical perturbations in plants caused by fluctuations in the abiotic environment, given column I with environmental factor and with its effects in the form of primary effects  in column II and secondary effects  in column III

COLUMN I        (environmental factor )	COLUMN II            (primary effects)	COLUMN III         (secondary effects)
A) Water deficit	i) Hypoxia,  Anoxia	a) Membrane dysfunction
B) High temperature	ii) ROS production	b) Reduced cellular and metabolic activities, Leaf abscission, Ion cytotoxicity and Cavitation
C) Trace element toxicity	iii) Photo inhibition	c) Reduced respiration,     Fermentative metabolism,       Inadequate ATP production ,  ROS production and  Stomatal closure
D) Flooding and soil compaction	iv) Membrane destabilization	d) Inhibition of PSII repair
E) Chilling	v) Cell dehydration and Hydraulic resistance	e) Disruption of metabolism
F) High light intensity		f) Photosynthetic and respiratory inhibition, ROS production

Find out the correct combination of given above column;

#Question id: 11270

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Consumption efficiency is the proportion of production at one trophic level that is eaten by, or ingested, by the next trophic level which of the following is correct statement?

A. Consumption efficiencies of herbivore is higher in ocean than grassland

B. In aquatic ecosystems, production efficiencies of herbivore are greater than carnivores

C. Assimilation efficiencies for carnivores are typically higher than those of herbivores

D. Assimilation efficiency depends on the quality of food eaten and the physiological efficiency of the consumer

#Question id: 11271

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Autotrophs in the aquatic ecosystem, unlike their counterparts in the terrestrial ecosystem are mostly microscopic and very low in indigestible (to the herbivores) matter. Following some observation are given? 

A) Tropic level transfer efficiency is greater in aquatic ecosystem than terrestrial ecosystem  

B) Tropical forest herbivores have higher consumption efficiencies than grassland herbivores

C) Flow of energy and nutrient is rapidly in aquatic ecosystem than terrestrial

D) Production efficiency of higher tropic level is greater than lower tropic level

#Question id: 11272

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Measurement of phytoplankton production, take sample of phytoplankton suspended in three bottles in lake. One bottle as control assumed as initial, second bottle (D) was kept in dark while third bottle (L) was kept in light. After some time productivity measure fallow

A- Difference in dissolved oxygen between light bottle and dark bottle yield NET primary productivity

B- Difference in dissolved oxygen between light bottle and initial bottle yield NET primary productivity

C- Difference in dissolved oxygen between light bottle and initial bottle yield Grass primary productivity

D- Difference in dissolved oxygen between light bottle and dark bottle yield total oxygen produced by photosynthesis

Which above combination of statement are correct?

#Question id: 11273

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Use the following diagram of a hypothetical food web to answer the question. The arrows represent the transfer of energy between the various trophic levels. Which letter represents an organism that could only be a primary consumer and secondary carnivores respectively?

#Question id: 11274

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Assimilation efficiency (AE) is the proportion of ingested energy assimilated in to blood stream but Production efficiency (PE) is the proportion of assimilated energy that is incorporated in to biomass. Following some statement is correct?

A. Assimilation efficiencies of aquatic herbivore is greater than terrestrial herbivore

B. Production efficiencies of higher tropic level are greater than lower tropic level

C. production efficiencies of vertebrate is less than invertebrate

D. Assimilation efficiencies of Carnivore are often greater than herbivore

#Question id: 11275

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Consumption efficiency is the proportion of production at one trophic level that is eaten by, or ingested, by the next trophic level which of the following are correct statement ?

A.Consumption efficiencies higher in  forests than grassland

B-In aquatic ecosystems consuption efficiencies of hervivore are greater than terrestrial hervivore

C- Consumption efficiencies for carnivores are typically higher than those of herbivores

D-Primary production consumption is increased where it is high in nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus