Precision will be reduced, but yield will be increased

Optimisation of a PCR reaction is often a compromise between the competing demands for precision, efficiency and yield. Although the specific effects may vary, generally, increasing the annealing temperature will increase non-specific primer binding and reduce precision. Increasing the length of the elongation phase will reduce the proportion of incomplete newly-synthesised strands and therefore increase yield. In this case, the potential effect on efficiency is unclear. Increasing the elongation phase would increase the reaction time, but the time taken to ramp down to a lower annealing temperature would be reduced.

What would the expected effect be on a PCR reaction if the primers used were slightly shorter and more variable than the intended oligonucleotide sequences?

#Question id: 15814

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

You and your lab partner have isolated 20 new mutant yeast strains that are defective in synthesis of threonine, an amino acid. These Thr- mutants do not grow on minimal medium, but they do grow on minimal medium supplemented with threonine. Ten of your Thr- mutants (numbered 1 through 10) were isolated in a strain of mating type a (MAT a). The other 10 Thr mutants (numbered 11 through 20) were isolated in a strain of mating type α (MAT α). You and your lab partner cross each of the MAT a strains to each of the MAT α strains, and you include crosses to the appropriate wild-type strains. Your experimental observations are shown in the table below, where (-) indicates diploids that did not grow on minimal medium and (+) indicates diploids that did grow on minimal medium.

Which mutations are recessive?

#Question id: 15815

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

You and your lab partner have isolated 20 new mutant yeast strains that are defective in synthesis of threonine, an amino acid. These Thr- mutants do not grow on minimal medium, but they do grow on minimal medium supplemented with threonine. Ten of your Thr- mutants (numbered 1 through 10) were isolated in a strain of mating type a (MAT a). The other 10 Thrmutants (numbered 11 through 20) were isolated in a strain of mating type α (MAT α). You and your lab partner cross each of the MAT a strains to each of the MAT α strains, and you include crosses to the appropriate wild-type strains. Your experimental observations are shown in the table below, where (-) indicates diploids that did not grow on minimal medium and (+) indicates diploids that did grow on minimal medium.

Which mutations are dominant?

#Question id: 15816

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

You and your lab partner have isolated 20 new mutant yeast strains that are defective in synthesis of threonine, an amino acid. These Thr- mutants do not grow on minimal medium, but they do grow on minimal medium supplemented with threonine. Ten of your Thr- mutants (numbered 1 through 10) were isolated in a strain of mating type a (MAT a). The other 10 Thrmutants (numbered 11 through 20) were isolated in a strain of mating type α (MAT α). You and your lab partner cross each of the MAT a strains to each of the MAT α strains, and you include crosses to the appropriate wild-type strains. Your experimental observations are shown in the table below, where (-) indicates diploids that did not grow on minimal medium and (+) indicates diploids that did grow on minimal medium.

Which mutations do you know to be in the same gene?

#Question id: 15817

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

You and your lab partner have isolated 20 new mutant yeast strains that are defective in synthesis of threonine, an amino acid. These Thr- mutants do not grow on minimal medium, but they do grow on minimal medium supplemented with threonine. Ten of your Thr- mutants (numbered 1 through 10) were isolated in a strain of mating type a (MAT a). The other 10 Thrmutants (numbered 11 through 20) were isolated in a strain of mating type α (MAT α). You and your lab partner cross each of the MAT a strains to each of the MAT α strains, and you include crosses to the appropriate wild-type strains. Your experimental observations are shown in the table below, where (-) indicates diploids that did not grow on minimal medium and (+) indicates diploids that did grow on minimal medium

Based on these experiments, what is the minimum number of genes required for threonine synthesis?

#Question id: 15818

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology

You and your lab partner have isolated 20 new mutant yeast strains that are defective in synthesis of threonine, an amino acid. These Thr- mutants do not grow on minimal medium, but they do grow on minimal medium supplemented with threonine. Ten of your Thr- mutants (numbered 1 through 10) were isolated in a strain of mating type a (MAT a). The other 10 Thrmutants (numbered 11 through 20) were isolated in a strain of mating type α (MAT α). You and your lab partner cross each of the MAT a strains to each of the MAT α strains, and you include crosses to the appropriate wild-type strains. Your experimental observations are shown in the table below, where (-) indicates diploids that did not grow on minimal medium and (+) indicates diploids that did grow on minimal medium.

What is the maximum number of genes that these 20 mutants could represent?

#Question id: 15819

#Unit 8. Inheritance Biology