To express a yeast gene in E. coli, your task is to design a strategy to insert the yeast gene into the bacterial plasmid. Below is a map of the area of the yeast genome surrounding the gene in which you are interested.

 

The distance between each tick mark placed on the line above is 100 bases in length

Below are the enzymes you can use, with their specific cut sites shown 5’-XXXXXX-3’ 3’-XXXXXX-5’

 

The plasmid is 5,000 bases long and the two farthest restriction enzyme sites are 200 bases apart. The plasmid has an ampicillin resistance gene somewhere on the plasmid distal from the restriction cut sites.

                              

You do the digestion of the insert and the vector and then ligate the two digestions together. You then transform the ligation into bacteria and select for ampicillin resistance. You get three colonies on your transformation plate. You isolate plasmid from each one and cut each plasmid with the enzyme XbaI. You then run your three digestions on an agarose gel and see the following patterns of bands. Describe what each plasmid actually was that was contained in each of the three colonies.

 

What is the Colony 3’s plasmid is;

#Question id: 12000

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

The graph below shows  the  growth  rates  of  populations  of  bacteria  that  have  evolved  for  many  generations  at different culture temperatures (25°C, 30°C, and 35°C). Each population grows over only a limited range of temperatures (its thermal niche), which are bounded by its critical thermal limits. Within this range, growth rate increases with temperature up to a maximal value and then declines rapidly with increasing temperature. Growth rates are known to be the major determinant of fitness for these bacteria.

Which of the following is true concerning the thermal dependence of growth rate   between 25°C and 30°C in these populations?

#Question id: 12001

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

The  graph  below  shows  the  growth  rates  of  populations  of  bacteria  that  have  evolved  for  many  generations  at different culture temperatures (25°C, 30°C, and 35°C). Each population grows over only a limited range of temperatures (its thermal niche), which are bounded by its critical thermal limits. Within this range, growth rate increases with temperature up to a maximal value and then declines rapidly with increasing temperature. Growth rates are known to be the major determinant of fitness for these bacteria.

Which population has the highest fitness at 25°C ? 

#Question id: 12002

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

#Question id: 12003

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

The  graph  below  shows  the  growth  rates  of  populations  of  bacteria  that  have  evolved  for  many  generations  at different culture temperatures (25°C, 30°C, and 35°C). Each population grows over only a limited range of temperatures (its thermal niche), which are bounded by its critical thermal limits. Within this range, growth rate increases with temperature up to a maximal value and then declines rapidly with increasing temperature. Growth rates are known to be the major determinant of fitness for these bacteria.

If all three populations were mixed together and placed at 37°C, which of the following would  be most likely to happen?

#Question id: 12004

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

The figure above shows the distribution of 10 plant species that grow along a regular environmental gradient, such as depth of the water table in a river valley. All other environmental factors are similar. This figure demonstrates that

#Question id: 12005

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles