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TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 13143

The Norway rat (Rattus Norvegicus), a widespread pest, was controlled for about a decade by the anticoagulant warfarin. This chemical substance, placed in food pellets, is absorbed by the intestinal tract and inhibits the clotting of blood. After a population decline for about 10 years, rat populations increased and stabilized. In one European population, as illustrated in the graph below, the percentage of rats resistant to warfarin has remained fairly stable over a number of years.

Resistance to warfarin is governed by a dominant autosomal gene, R. More than 15 percent of the resistant animals are heterozygous at this locus (Rr). The table below indicates the response to warfarin and relative reproductive fitness of individuals that are homozygous or heterozygous for the dominant gene (R). The RR individuals have a 20-fold increase in vitamin K requirement over individuals.

Fitness is a measure of the reproductive success of a particular genotype. The highest fitness is 1.00.
In a population where warfarin is no longer applied, the expectation is that the

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles
  1. Dominant gene (R) will supplant the recessive gene (r) in the population
  2. Heterozygotes (Rr) will have a reproductive advantage over both homozygotes (RR and rr) 
  3. Frequency of the dominant gene (R) will decline
  4. Frequency of recessive individuals will gradually decline
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TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12609

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Which of the following is an example of an ecosystem?
TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12610

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

If the Sun were to suddenly stop providing energy to Earth, most ecosystems would vanish. Which of the following ecosystems would likely survive the longest after this hypothetical disaster?
TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12611

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Researchers in the Netherlands studied the effects of parental caregiving in European kestrels over 5 years. The researchers transferred chicks among nests to produce reduced broods (three or four chicks), normal broods (five or six),  and  enlarged  broods  (seven  or  eight).  They then measured the percentage of male and female parent birds that survived the following winter. (Both males and females provide care for chicks.) Brood Size Manipulations in the Kestrel: Effects on Offspring and Parent Survival

 
Which of the following is a conclusion that can be drawn from this graph?
TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12612

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

Which of the following pairs of reproductive strategies is consistent with energetic trade-off and reproductive success? 
TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12613

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

A population of ground squirrels has an annual per capita birth rate of 0.06 and an annual per capita death rate of 0.02. Estimate the number of individuals added to (or lost from)  population of 1,000 individuals in one year. 
TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 12614

#Unit 10. Ecological Principles

A small population of white-footed mice has the same intrinsic rate of increase (r) as a large population. If everything else is equal,