In summer squash, white colour fruit (W) is dominant over yellow colour (w) and disc-shaped phenotype (D) is dominant over sphere-shaped phenotype (d). Determine the genotype of the parents gives 3/8 white, sphere, 3/8 white, Disk, 1/8 Yellow, Disk and 1/8 Yellow, Sphere?

#Question id: 40413

#Applied Microbiology

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R).

Assertion (A): After the washing with alcohol (decolorization step), Gram-positive bacteria retain the purple color, while Gram-negative bacteria become colorless.

Reason (R): Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer that traps the Crystal Violet-Iodine complex, whereas Gram-negative bacteria have a high lipid content in their outer membrane which dissolves in alcohol.

#Question id: 40414

#Applied Microbiology

1. Read the following statements regarding the Gram staining technique.
1. 1. Statement I: Heat fixing is done after adding the crystal violet stain to the slide.
2. 1. Statement II: Ideally, the iodine solution (mordant) should be kept on the smear for approximately 1 minute.

#Question id: 40415

#Applied Microbiology

Which of the following errors during the Gram staining procedure would most likely cause a Gram-positive bacterium to appear Gram-negative (pink)?

#Question id: 40416

#Applied Microbiology

In a eukaryotic cell utilizing the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle, what is the total yield of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation alone from the complete oxidation of 1 molecule of glucose? (Assume 1 NADH = 2.5 ATP and 1 FADH₂ = 1.5 ATP)

#Question id: 40417

#Applied Microbiology

Consider the following statements regarding ATP production during aerobic respiration:

1. Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs in both the cytoplasm and the mitochondrial matrix.

2. The oxidation of one molecule of Acetyl-CoA in the Citric Acid Cycle results in 11 ATPs via oxidative phosphorylation.

3. The enzyme ATP Synthase (Complex V) utilizes the proton motive force to generate ATP in the intermembrane space.

#Question id: 40418

#Applied Microbiology

Assertion (A) : The net gain of ATP during glycolysis is only 2 ATP, even though 4 ATP molecules are actually produced.

Reason (R): Two molecules of ATP are consumed during the preparatory phase of glycolysis to phosphorylate glucose and fructose-6-phosphate.