Sponges and cnidarians are among the fossilized animals found in both the Ediacara Hills and the Burgess Shale from the Rocky Mountains of British Colombia. This observation requires that

#Question id: 12956

#Part-B Specialized Branches in Biotechnology

#Question id: 12957

#Part-B Specialized Branches in Biotechnology

#Question id: 12957

#Part-A Aptitude & General Biotechnology

#Question id: 12957

#Part-A Aptitude & General Biotechnology

#Question id: 12958

#Part-B Specialized Branches in Biotechnology

The Norway rat (Rattus Norvegicus), a widespread pest, was controlled for about a decade by the anticoagulant warfarin. This chemical substance, placed in food pellets, is absorbed by the intestinal tract and inhibits the clotting of blood. After a population decline for about 10 years, rat populations increased and stabilized. In one European population, as illustrated in the graph below, the percentage of rats resistant to warfarin has remained fairly stable over a number of years

Resistance to warfarin is governed by a dominant autosomal gene, R. More than 15 percent of the resistant animals are heterozygous at this locus (Rr). The table below indicates the response to warfarin and relative reproductive fitness of individuals that are homozygous or heterozygous for the dominant gene (R). The RR individuals have a 20-fold increase in vitamin K requirement over individuals.

Fitness is a measure of the reproductive success of a particular genotype. The highest fitness is 1.00.

The strong dependence of RR individuals on large quantities of vitamin K probably is responsible for

#Question id: 12959

#Part-B Specialized Branches in Biotechnology