The noble gases are left out of the trends in atomic radii because there is great debate over the experimental values of their atomic radii.

The SI units for measuring atomic radii are the nanometer (nm) and the picometer (pm). 1 nm = 1 X 109 m; 1 pm = 1 X 10-12 m.

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A second NPF is a large protein complex called WAVE

and requires small GTP-binding protein Rac1.

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WASp activation requires two signals (This type of two-signal input, called coincidence detection):

1. regulatory phospholipid PIP2

2. small GTP-binding protein Cdc42

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One NPF is called WASp, as it is defective in patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.

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The major NPF family is characterized by the presence of a region called WCA (WH2, connector, acidic)

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To nucleate the assembly of branched actin filaments, Arp2/3 needs to be activated by a nucleation promoting factor (NPF)

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Formins are activated by membrane-bound Rho-GTP, a Ras-related small GTPase