There are two type representation of amino acid structure

1. By Fischer’s convention L and D

2. By absolute configuration RS System

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When a nonfunctioning duplicate is fixed in the population, or a functioning gene becomes nonfunctional, the result is a genetic skeleton called a pseudogene.

Deletions are important in shaping the genome.

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Fitness- Average number of offspring produced by a genotype and divide it by the mean number of offspring produced by the most prolific genotype

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Cdk1 

=Cdc2 (vertebrates and fission yeast)

= Cdc28  (budding yeast)

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