Autophagy can be either

• Nonselective autophagy

• Selective autophagy

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M6P residues are generated in the cis-Golgi by two Golgi-resident enzymes. 

1. N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) phosphotransferase
2. Phosphodiesterase

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Sorting signal that directs lysosomal hydrolases from the TGN to the late endosome is- Mannose 6-phosphate (M6P).

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In selective autophagy

specific cargo is packaged into autophagosomes that tend to contain little cytosol, mediates the degradation of worn out, or unwanted, mitochondria, peroxisomes, ribosomes, and ER; used to destroy invading microbes.

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In nonselective autophagy, a bulk portion of cytoplasm is sequestered in autophagosomes

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Autophagy occurs in the following sequence of steps:

Induction by activation of mTOR complex 1

• Nucleation of autophagosome formation by ATG9

• Closure of the membrane cup to form autophagosome

• Fusion of the autophagosome with lysosomes, catalyzed by SNAREs.

• Digestion of the inner membrane and the lumenal contents of the autophagosome

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