Plant genes expressed early, or in the absence of bacterial infection, are termed “early nodulins” or ENOD

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Centrosomes contain γ tubulin, which forms specific ringlike complexes (γ TuRCs) that, have the ability to nucleate microtubules and form a bipolar spindle

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#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Mitotic spindle attach to chromosomes via specialized protein structures known as kinetochores

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#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Kinetochores assemble on regions of chromosomal DNA marked by a centromere-specific H3 histone variant called CENP-A.

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#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Amphitelic attachment, 

sister kinetochores attach to microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles, they are stably attached

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#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Merotelic attachment 

A kinetochore can attach to microtubules emanating from both poles at the same time

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#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Syntelic attachment 

Both kinetochores of a sister chromatid pair can attach to microtubules from the same pole