A fluidized-bed, immobilized-cell bioreactor is used for the conversion of glucose to ethanol by Z. mobilis cells immobilized in k-carrageenan gel beads. The dimensions of the bed are 10 cm (diameter) by 200 cm. Since the reactor is fed from the bottom of the column and because of CO₂ gas evolution, substrate and cell concentrations decrease with the height of the column. The average cell concentration at the bottom of the column is X₀ = 45 g/l, and the average cell concentration decreases with the column height according to the following equation:

                             

where Z is the column height (cm). The specific rate of substrate consumption is q_S = 2 g S/g cells. h. The feed flow rate and glucose concentration in the feed are 5 l/h and 160 g glucose/l, respectively.

Determine the substrate (glucose) concentration in the effluent

#Question id: 27141

#Section 7: Recombinant DNA technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology

For distantly related sequences alignment, which of the method is suitable?

#Question id: 27142

#Section 7: Recombinant DNA technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology

Calculate the percentage sequence identity for the pairwise alignment given below:

#Question id: 27143

#Section 7: Recombinant DNA technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology

The percentage SIMILARITIES and IDENTITIES, respectively, between the two peptide sequences given below will be % and %.

Peptide I:

Phe-Ala-Arg-Arg-Gln-Trp-Leu-Thr-Phe-Thr

Peptide II:

Tyr-Ala-Lys-Glu-Gln-Tyr-Ile-Ser-Phe-Thr

#Question id: 27144

#Section 7: Recombinant DNA technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology

Sequences those have sequence identity in the range of 20-40% falls in the range of

#Question id: 27145

#Section 7: Recombinant DNA technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology

which of the following is an example of local alignment?

#Question id: 27146

#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

In industries titanium is hardened through diffusion of carbon. The concentration of carbon at 1mm into the surface of the titanium slab is 0.25kg/m³ and at 3mm the concentration is 0.68kg/m³. The rate at which the carbon is entering into its surface is 1.27*10-9kg/m².s. calculate the value of diffusion coefficient of carbon.