In a fluidized-bed biofilm reactor, cells are attached on spherical plastic particles to form biofilms of average thickness L = 0.5 mm. The bed is used to remove carbon compounds from a waste-water stream. The feed flow rate and concentration of total fermentable carbon compounds in the feed are F = 2 l/h and S = 2000 mg/l. The diameter of the column is 10 cm. The kinetic constants of the microbial population are r_m = 50 mg S/cm³. h and K_S = 25 mg S/cm³ . The specific surface area of the biofilm in the reactor is 2.5 cm² /cm³ . Assuming first-order reaction kinetics and an average effectiveness factor of n = 0.7 throughout the column, determine the required height of the column for effluent total carbon concentration of S_0i = 100 mg/l.

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#Question id: 2074

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

In some cells, there are many ion electrochemical gradients across the plasma membrane even though there are usually only one or two proton pumps present in the membrane. The gradients of the other ions are most likely accounted for by:

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#Question id: 3326

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

What are the assumptions of Hardy Weinberg equilibrium?

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#Question id: 1318

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Pore- like connections between adjacent cells is an example of

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#Question id: 2099

#Section 2: General Biology

Phosphate-containing lipids include all of the following except

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#Question id: 2079

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

According to the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure, proteins of the membrane are mostly