A fermenter is maintained at 35⁰C by water circulating at a rate of 0.5 kg s^-1 in a cooling coil inside the vessel. The inlet and outlet temperatures of the water are 8⁰C and 15⁰C respectively. The length of the cooling coil is increased by 50%. In order to maintain the same fermentation temperature, the rate of heat removal must be kept the same. Determine the new cooling-water flow rate and outlet temperature by carrying out the following calculations. The heat capacity of the cooling water can be taken as 4.18 kJ kg^- 1 o C^- 1. Evaluate UA for the original coil. ________________

#Question id: 3785

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

The elongation of the leading strand during DNA synthesis

#Question id: 3786

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

E. coli cells grown on 15N medium are transferred to 14N medium and allowed to grow for two more generations (two rounds of DNA replication). DNA extracted from these cells is centrifuged. What density distribution of DNA would you expect in this experiment?

#Question id: 3787

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

A biochemist isolates, purifies, and combines in a test tube a variety of molecules needed for DNA replication. When she adds some DNA to the mixture, replication occurs, but each DNA molecule consists of a normal strand paired with numerous segments of DNA a few hundred nucleotides long. What has she probably left out of the mixture?

#Question id: 3788

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

The spontaneous loss of amino groups from adenine in DNA results in hypoxanthine, an uncommon base, opposite thymine. What combination of proteins could repair such damage?

#Question id: 3790

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Semiconservative replication of DNA means that:

#Question id: 3791

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

 In vitro systems used to study replication must include all of the following except: