Nutrient medium is to be heated from 10⁰C to 28⁰C is a single-pass countercurrent shell-and-tube heat exchanger before being pumped into a fed-batch fermenter. Medium passes through the tubes of the exchanger; the shell-side fluid is water which enters with flow rate 3 x 10^4 kg h^- 1 and temperature 60⁰C pre-heated medium is required at a rate of 50 m^3 h^-1. The density, viscosity and heat capacity of the medium are the same as water; the thermal conductivity of the medium is 0.54 Wm^- 1 ⁰C ^- 1. It is proposed to use 30 steel tubes with inner diameter 5 cm; the tubes will be arranged in line. The pipe wall is 5-mm thick; the thermal conductivity of the metal is 50 Wm^- 1 ⁰C ^- 1. The maximum linear shell-side fluid velocity is estimated as 0.15 m s^-1. Calculate the log-mean temperature difference _________

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#Question id: 10189

#Section 2: General Biology

A very common isotope substitution is when hydrogen is replaced by deuterium. This is known as a deuterium effect and is expressed by the ratio kH/kD (as explained above). Normal KIEs for the deuterium effect

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#Question id: 3588

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

The ability to taste the chemical phenylthiocarbamide is an autosomal dominant phenotype, and the inability to taste it is recessive. If a taster woman with a nontaster father marries a taster man who in a previous marriage had a nontaster daughter. What is the probability that their first child will be tasters’ girl?

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#Question id: 3710

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

The protein machine that carries out DNA replication is called ________.

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#Question id: 1838

#Section 2: General Biology

What is the single most commonly used term to describe the exchange of genetic material between viruses that infect different species?

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#Question id: 14600

#Section 2: General Biology

The proteins of bacteria that are involved in the movement of small molecules into the cell are called