Penicillin is produced by P. chrysogenum in a fed-batch culture with the intermittent addition of glucose solution to the culture medium. The initial culture volume at quasi-steady state is V0 = 500 l, and glucose-containing nutrient solution is added with a flow rate of F = 50 l/h. Glucose concentration in the feed solution and initial cell concentration are S0 = 300 g/l and X0 = 20 g/l, respectively. The kinetic and yield coefficients of the organism are mm = 0.2 h-1 , KS = 0.5 g/l, and YX/S = 0.3 g dw/g glucose. If qP = 0.05 g product/g cells h and P₀ = 0.1 g/l, determine the product concentration in the vessel at t = 10 h

#Question id: 394

#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

What will be the H+ ion concentration in a solution prepared by mixing 50.0 mL of 0.20 M NaCl, 25 mL of 0.10M NaOH and 25.0 mL of 0.30M HCl?

#Question id: 395

#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

How would acidification of seawater affect marine organisms? Acidification of seawater would ________.

#Question id: 396

#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

Identical heat lamps are arranged to shine on two identical containers, one containing water and one methanol (wood alcohol), so that each liquid absorbs the same amount of energy minute by minute. The covalent bonds of methanol molecules are nonpolar, so there are no hydrogen bonds among methanol molecules. Which of the following graphs correctly describes what will happen to the temperature of the water and the methanol?

#Question id: 397

#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

The loss of water from a plant by transpiration cools the leaf. Movement of water in transpiration requires both adhesion to the conducting walls and wood fibers of the plant and cohesion of the molecules to each other. A scientist wanted to increase the rate of transpiration of a crop species to extend its range into warmer climates. The scientist substituted a nonpolar solution with an atomic mass similar to that of water for hydrating the plants. What do you expect the scientist's data will indicate from this experiment?

#Question id: 398

#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

One of the buffers that contribute to pH stability in human blood is carbonic acid (H2CO3). Carbonic acid is a weak acid that, when placed in an aqueous solution, dissociates into a bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) and a hydrogen ion (H+). (See figure.)

If the pH of blood drops, one would expect ________.

#Question id: 399

#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

Calculate the pH of a 1 L solution containing 0.100 M formic acid and 0.100 M sodium formate before and after the addition of 1.00 mL of 5.00 M NaOH. How much would the pH change if the NaOH were added to 1.00 L of pure water? (pKa for formic acid is 3.75)