Bakers' yeast is produced in a 50 000-litre fermenter under aerobic conditions. The carbon substrate is sucrose; ammonia is provided as nitrogen source. The average biomass composition is CH_1.830_0.55N_0.17 with 5% ash. Under efficient growth conditions, biomass is the only major product; the biomass yield from sucrose is 0.5 g g^-I. If the specific growth-rate is 0.45 h^-l, estimate the rate of heat removal required to maintain constant temperature in the fermenter when the yeast concentration is 10 g l^{- 1}     _______________________.10^6

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#Question id: 21728

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

In the reaction A → products, we find that when [A] has fallen to half of its initial value, the reaction proceeds at the same rate as its initial rate. Is the reaction zero order, first order, or second order?

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#Question id: 21729

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

In the reaction, A → products, with the initial concentration [A]0 = 1.512 M, [A] is found to be 1.496 M at t = 30 s. With the initial concentration [A]0 = 2.584 M, [A] is found to be 2.552 M at t = 1 min. What is the order of this reaction?

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#Question id: 21730

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

In the first-order decomposition of dinitrogen pentoxide at 335 K,

N2O5(g) → 2 NO2(g) + ½ O2(g)

if we start with a 2.50-g sample of N2O5 at 335 K and have 1.50 g remaining after 109 s, 

(a) What is the value of the rate constant k? 

(b) What is the half-life of the reaction? 

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#Question id: 21731

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

The smog constituent peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) dissociates into peroxyacetyl radicals and NO2(g) in a first order reaction with a half-life of 32 min. 

If the initial concentration of PAN in an air sample is 2.7×10¹⁵ molecules/L, what will be the concentration 2.24 h later?

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#Question id: 21732

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

Rate constants for the first-order decomposition of acetonedicarboxylic acid

CO(CH2COOH)2(aq) → CO(CH3)2(aq) + 2 CO2(g)

are k = 4.75 ×10^–4 s^–1 at 293 K and k = 1.63 ×10^–3 at 303 K. What is the activation energy, Ea, for this reaction?

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#Question id: 21733

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

A rate law __________.