In some viruses, RNA serves as the storage of genetic materials and DNA is synthesized from RNA by the enzyme known as:

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#Question id: 14801

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

In a chemostat operating under steady state, a bacterial culture can be grown at dilution rate higher than maximum rate by

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#Question id: 2508

#Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology

If you treated cells with a drug that interferes with microtubules, such as colchicine, which of the following would result?

A. Cell shape would be disrupted.

B. Mitosis and meiosis would not occur.

C. The intracellular location of organelles would be disrupted.

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#Question id: 13061

#Section 7: Recombinant DNA technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology

Precision will be reduced, but yield will be increased

Optimisation of a PCR reaction is often a compromise between the competing demands for precision, efficiency and yield. Although the specific effects may vary, generally, increasing the annealing temperature will increase non-specific primer binding and reduce precision. Increasing the length of the elongation phase will reduce the proportion of incomplete newly-synthesised strands and therefore increase yield. In this case, the potential effect on efficiency is unclear. Increasing the elongation phase would increase the reaction time, but the time taken to ramp down to a lower annealing temperature would be reduced.

Arrange in the order of their increasing capacity:

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#Question id: 343

#Section 2: General Biology

Assume that acid rain has lowered the pH of a particular lake to pH 5.0. What is the hydroxide ion concentration of this lake?

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#Question id: 15468

#Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering

In downstream processing of gluconic acid, concentrated fermentation broth containing 20% (w/w) gluconic acid is cooled in a heat exchanger prior to crystallisation. 2000 kg h^-1 liquid leaving an evaporator at 90°C must be cooled to 6°C. Cooling is achieved by heat exchange with 2700 kg h^-1 water initially at 2°C. The final temperature of the cooling water is 50°C. 

Assume (heat capacity of gluconic acid is 0.35 cal g^-1 °C^-1).

h (liquid water at 90°C = 376.9 kJ kg^-1)

h (liquid water at 6°C = 25.2 kJ kg^-1)

h (liquid water at 2°C = 8.4 kJ kg^-1 )

h (liquid water at 50°C = 209.3 kJ kg^-1)

h (gluconic acid at 90°C=0)

How much heat is removed to the cooling water?