The insect ingests plant tissue containing the fatty acids, an enzyme in the gut conjugates the plant-derived fatty acid to an insect-derived amino acid to form an elicitor, When plants recognize elicitors from insect saliva induces some typical responses such as

a) Increasing Ca²⁺ levels in the cytosol and then activate an array of target proteins, such as calmodulin and other Ca²⁺-dependent protein kinases

b) In Arabidopsis, a calmodulin-binding transcriptional regulator called IQD1 was identified as an important mediator of defense responses against insect herbivory

c) overexpression of IQD1 in Arabidopsis activate the herbivore activity

d) IQD1 binds calmodulin, a major Ca2+-binding protein, in a Ca2+-dependent manner and subsequently inhibits the gene involved in glucosinolate biosynthesis

Which of the following combination from above statements is correct?

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#Question id: 13081

#Section 7: Recombinant DNA technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology

Correct statements about RAPD’s

A. RAPD polymorphism is detected by using oligonucleotides usually more than 10 bases long of random sequences as primers in a reaction.

B. In a strain which has in genomic DNA sequences complementary to the primer oligonucleotide, PCR products will be detected in the gel,

C. Typical RAPD markers show limited variation between parents, especially in naturally inbreeding species.

D. RAPDs are more sensitive than RFLPs to experimental conditions making them more difficult to be consistent and reproducible.

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#Question id: 13082

#Section 7: Recombinant DNA technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology

Statement: AFLP shares some features of both RFLP and RAPD analyses.

Explanations: I. It uses restriction enzyme-digested genomic DNA as template for PCR amplification using primers that contain the restriction enzyme recognition sites plus a number of, usually 2-3, arbitrary nucleotides.

II. AFLPs are faster, less labour intensive and provide more information than RFLPs, and they are highly reproducible, which is a great advantage over RAPDs.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 13083

#Section 7: Recombinant DNA technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology

The genomic DNA of an organism is digested with two restriction enzymes; one of the, PstI (CTGCA/G), while the other., MseI (T/TAA). This would generate the following 3 types of DNA fragments: 

(1) both ends cleaved by PstI (Pst-Pst), 

(2) both ends cleaved by MseI (Mse-Mse), and 

(3) one end generated by each of the two enzymes (Pst-Mse). 

the most frequent fragments in decreasing order,

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#Question id: 13084

#Section 7: Recombinant DNA technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology

Statement: In a modified version of AFLP, the selection of fragments using biotin-streptavidin binding is avoided.

Explanations: I. The fragments are ligated to the appropriate adapters and used for PCR amplification using two AFLP primers, each primer having a single selection nucleotide; this is called preamplification step.

II. The PCR products from this preamplificated step are diluted and used as template for second PCR amplification.

TLS Online TPP Program

#Question id: 13085

#Section 7: Recombinant DNA technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology

The most common microsatellite sequence encountered in human genome is the sequence 

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#Question id: 13086

#Section 7: Recombinant DNA technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology

Which group of VNTRs are tandem are frequently distributed in all eukaryotic genomes (except yeast) examined so far. They show a large, stable 'polymorphism due to variation in the number of repeat units and are almost 'ideal as molecular markers for genome mapping.