in ab initio approach, generally when a base pairing is formed, the energy of the molecule is____ because of attractive interactions between the two strands.

#Question id: 14202

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

In a fluidized-bed biofilm reactor, cells are attached on spherical plastic particles to form biofilms of average thickness L = 0.5 mm. The bed is used to remove carbon compounds from a waste-water stream. The feed flow rate and concentration of total fermentable carbon compounds in the feed are F = 2 l/h and S = 2000 mg/l. The diameter of the column is 10 cm. The kinetic constants of the microbial population are r_m = 50 mg S/cm³. h and K_S = 25 mg S/cm³ . The specific surface area of the biofilm in the reactor is 2.5 cm² /cm³ . Assuming first-order reaction kinetics and an average effectiveness factor of n = 0.7 throughout the column, determine the required height of the column for effluent total carbon concentration of S_0i = 100 mg/l.

#Question id: 14203

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

#Question id: 14204

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

#Question id: 14205

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

#Question id: 14206

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

#Question id: 14207

#Section 5: Bioprocess Engineering and Process Biotechnology

Calculate the adsorption of a dye on activated carbon at 25°C, where k = 0.025, n = 0.5 and C = 0.04.Based on the Freundlich isotherm