Types of Leaf

Simple Leaf

Compound Leaf

The compound leaves may be of two types;

A number of leaflets are present on a common axis, the rachis, which represents the midrib of the leaf called Pinnately compound leaf

Ex- Neem 

The leaflets are attached at a common point, such as at the tip of petiole, called Palmately compound leaf

EX- poison ivy, familiar house plant Schefflera sp. (commonly called “umbrella plant”)

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Homologs

LRP in vertebrates = Arrow in Drosophila

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In the absence of Wnts,

“free” β-catenin are targeted for degradation by a cytosolic destruction complex that is held together by the tumor suppressor protein Axin.

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β-catenin Destruction Complex contains:

Tumor suppressor APC

Dvl protein

Constitutively active protein kinases GSK 3β and CK1

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Kinases CK1 and GSK3,

sequentially phosphorylate β-catenin at multiple serine and threonine residues

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E3 βTrCP ubiquitin ligase then binds to two phosphorylated residues on β catenin, leading to ubiquitinylation and degradation in proteasomes.

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In the absence of Wnt,

TCF is associated with transcriptional repressor proteins Groucho (Gro) that inhibit gene transcription in nucleus