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The enzyme that catalyzes this reversible reaction is called succinyl-CoA synthetase or succinic thiokinase


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TLS Online TPP Program

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Modification of stem

I.Aerial stem modification

Aerial modification can be classified into tendrils, thorns, and phylloclade. 

Stem tendrils which develop from axillary buds, are slender and spirally coiled and help plants to climb such as in gourds (cucumber, pumpkins, watermelon) and grapevines

I.Aerial stem modification

Some plants of arid regions modify their stems into flattened (Opuntia), or fleshy cylindrical (Euphorbia) structures. They contain chlorophyll and carryout photosynthesis.

Example- Cactus (Opuntia), Sparrow grass (Asparagus), etc. 

I.Aerial stem modification

Axillary buds of stems may also get modified into woody, straight and pointed thorns, hard, spiny structure protect plants from grazing animals.

Found in many plants such as- Pomegranate (Punica granatum), Paper flower (Bougainvillea glabra), Lemon (Citrus limon), etc.

II.Subaerial Stem modification

Subaerial modification can be classified into four types, namely stolon, runner, sucker, and offset. 


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III. Underground stem modification


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III. Underground Stem modification


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Feature of leaves

A typical leaf consists of three main parts;

a) Leaf base

b) Petiole

c) Lamina

Feature of leaves

leaf base and may bear two lateral small leaf like structures called stipules.

In some leguminous plants the leaf base may become swollen, which is called the Pulvinus

Feature of leaves

The lamina or the leaf blade is the green expanded part of the leaf with veins and veinlets. There is, usually, a middle prominent vein, which is known as the midrib.

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Venation

The arrangement of veins and the veinlets in the lamina of leaf is termed as venation

Venation

When the veinlets form a network, the venation is termed as reticulate that possesses in dicotyledonous plants

When the veins run parallel to each other within a lamina, the venation is termed as parallel is the characteristic of most monocotyledons.