In the Hymenoptera (ants, bees, and wasps), Females develop from the queen’s fertilized eggs and are diploid. Males develop from the queen’s unfertilized eggs and are haploid—their sperm are genetically identical

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10359

#XL - Q Biochemistry

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 10360

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Plasma cell decision point

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#Id: 10361

#XL - Q Biochemistry

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#Id: 10362

#XL - Q Biochemistry

T-independent response

Type 1 T-independent (TI-1) antigens bind to B cells through both Ig and innate immune receptors. LPS from Gram negative organisms binds to B cells via both mIg and TLR, resulting in signaling from both receptors. 

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#Id: 10363

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Type 2 T-independent

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#Id: 10364

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Properties of thymus-dependent and thymus-independent antigens