In the most famous example of Lamarck’s theory, giraffes must have stretched their necks to reach foliage above them, and so their necks were lengthened. The longer necks were inherited, and over the course of generations, this process was repeated, and their necks got longer and longer. 

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Ockham’s principle - Principle of parsimony

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The Forces of Evolution

Mutation, 

Genetic drift

Gene flow or migration

Selection

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Nonrandom Mating Nonrandom mating affects the way in which alleles combine to form genotypes and alters the genotypic frequencies of a population.

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Positive assortative mating

Individuals' mate with others who are like themselves phenotypically for selected traits. The net effect of positive assortative mating is a progressive increase in the number of  homozygous genotypes (AA and aa)

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