Richard hypothesis 

d/w = resource separation ratio.

d/w < 1, species cannot coexist;

1 < d/w < 3, there will be some competition between species

d/w > 3, species coexist harmoniously

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8164

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Vesicles coated with GGA proteins and clathrin bind to proteins containing 

Asp-X-Leu-Leu and Asp-Phe-Gly-X-Φ sequences

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8163

#XL - Q Biochemistry

Vesicles coated with AP1 and clathrin bind to  proteins containing a Tyr-X-X-Φ sequence

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8162

#XL - Q Biochemistry

For selective export of certain membrane proteins from the ER contain a di-acidic sorting signal (Asp-X-Glu, or DXE), which binds to the Sec24 subunit of the COPII

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8161

#XL - Q Biochemistry

KKXX sorting signal,

binds to a complex of the COPI α and β subunits

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8160

#XL - Q Biochemistry

The KDEL receptor and other membrane proteins that

are transported Golgi to ER contain 

Lys-Lys-X-X sequence at C-terminal

TLS Online TPP Program

#Id: 8159

#XL - Q Biochemistry

KDEL receptor, located mainly in the cis-Golgi network and in both COPII and COPI vesicles, binds proteins bearing the KDEL sorting signal and returns them to the ER